[Bleeding] - [Burns and Scalds] - [Eye Contamination] [Shock] - [Broken Bones] - [Epilepsy]
1. Find out the exact location where the first aid kit is kept, and also where treatment can be obtained.
2. Get appropriate first aid treatment promptly.
3. Report all injuries and feelings of ill-health to your instructor or lecturers.

In an emergency, the following procedures are useful.

Bleeding
Until medical help arrives, place a thick pad of clean cloth or bandage directly over the wound and press firmly
to control blood flow. Hold in place with a strong bandage, necktie, etc, taking care not to make the tie
so tight as to prevent circulation to the rest of limb. In the case of injuries to the groin, armpit or neck,
where ties cannot be used, control blood flow with the finger or hand pressure. Raise the bleeding part higher
that the rest of the body, unless the bones are broken. If an injury is extensive, treat for shock

	Sit or lay victim down.
	Raise the injured part.
	Press bandage strip over the wound.
	Meanwhile call an ambulance.

Burns and Scalds
Until you get medical help, immerse the burned areas immediately in water. In the case of the chemical burns,

flush the skin with plenty of running water. Following this water treatment, cover the burned area with a clean cloth.
Avoid breaking any blisters that may appear. If burns are extensive, keep the victim still  and treat for shock.
Get the victim to the doctor or hospital as soon as possible. If he or she is conscious and can swallow,
give plenty of water or another non-alcoholic liquid to drink.

	Cool burn with cold water for about 10 minutes.
	If hand or arm is burnt, remove rings, watches,bracelets etc.
	Cover with a clean cloth.
	Call an ambulance.

Eye Contamination
Until you get help, hold the eyelids open and wash the eyes with gentle stream of running water.

Shock
Usually shock  accompanies severe injury. The signs are a cold and clammy skin, pale face, chills,
frequent nausea or vomiting, and shallow breathing. Until you get medical help, have the victim lie down with his
legs elevated. Keep the victim covered to prevent a chill due to the loss of body heat.

	Lay victim flat; and raise the feet if injuries permit
	Give reassurance and keep the victim warm.
	Stop drinks being given, as they may hinder treatment later.
	Call an ambulance.

Broken Bones
If there is a fracture to any part of the body, or there is any injury to the neck or back, the victim should not be move
without medical supervision unless absolutely necessary. Call ambulance immediately. For other fractures,
until you get medical help, place the injured part in as natural a position as possible without causing discomfort to
the victim. Protect from further injury by applying splints long enough to extend well beyond the joints above and
below the fracture. Any firm material can be used (board, pole, metal rod). Pad the splints with clothing or
other soft materials to prevent any skin injury. Fasten the splints with a bandage or cloth at the break and beyond
the joints above the below it. Use a pressure bandage to control bleeding.

	Move the victim only if there is further danger to his life.
	Reassure him and advise him not to move.
	Lightly cover with a coat.
	Call an ambulance.

Epilepsy (FITS)
When you see someone falling, support him to a lying position. Turn the head to one side to allow drainage of
fluids (saliva). Create ample space around the person. This will ensure that fresh air is available to the victim.
Loosen clothing around the neck to allow free flow of blood to the brain, thus supplying precious oxygen to
the brain. Allow the convulsions to take place. Do not restrict the movements. When the person has ceased
his movements, place him in the recovery position. Observe pulse, breathing rate and duration of the fits.
Seek medical attention and stay with the person till a relative arrives at the hospital.


[Bleeding] - [Burns and Scalds] - [Eye Contamination]
[Shock] - [Broken Bones] - [Epilepsy]